In programming, what is the primary function of a compiler?

The primary function of a compiler is to transform source code, which is written in a high-level programming language, into machine code or an intermediate language that can be executed by the computer's hardware. This process involves several stages, including lexical analysis, syntax analysis, semantic analysis, optimization, and code generation. By converting the human-readable code into a format that the machine can understand, the compiler enables the execution of the programs.

In this context, the role of a compiler is essential for bridging the gap between human comprehension and machine execution. It allows developers to write code in languages that are easier to use, while ensuring that the computer can run the program effectively.

The other options represent functions that are not directly served by a compiler. For instance, executing source code pertains to the role of an interpreter or runtime environment, debugging involves identifying and correcting errors in the code, and managing hardware resources is typically the responsibility of the operating system rather than the compiler.