What is the value range of a byte type variable in programming?

The value range of a byte type variable in programming is from -128 to 127. A byte in Java is an 8-bit signed integer, which means it can represent both positive and negative values. The range is derived from the fact that one bit is used to store the sign (positive or negative), leaving seven bits for the numerical value. Therefore, the highest positive value it can represent is 2^7 - 1, which equals 127, and the lowest negative value is -2^7, which equals -128.

This unique range allows for effective memory usage, especially in scenarios where large numerical ranges are not necessary, ensuring that data storage is optimized. When considering values outside the -128 to 127 range, they do not fit into the byte type, leading to potential overflow or underflow issues if misused.